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Table of Contents
July-December 2020
Volume 5 | Issue 2
Page Nos. 35-83
Online since Wednesday, March 17, 2021
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Recent advances in pediatric esthetic anterior crowns
p. 35
Aindrila Ghosh, Shabnam Zahir
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_8_20
Loss of anterior teeth in children can lead to hampered esthetics, neuromuscular imbalance with decreased masticatory efficiency, speech disturbance, development of parafunctional habits, and psychological problems. With the growing awareness of the esthetic options available, there is a greater demand for solutions to unsightly problems such as caries, discolored teeth, hypoplastic defects, fractures, and missing teeth in children. However, the biggest dilemma is choosing the best treatment modality for a particular patient and situation. Thus, this review highlights the various recent advances in the field of anterior crowns in pediatric esthetic dentistry along with their indications, advantages, and disadvantages.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Tooth erosion and its relationship with dietary habits in 6-18 year old schoolchildren in bangalore-A cross sectional study
p. 39
Yasin Salman, G Suma, Vihar Kotecha, Isha Khurana
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_25_20
Introduction:
Dental erosion is the most common chronic disease in both children and adolescents. It is a progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissues by a chemical process. There is a limited literature with regard to the prevalence of dental erosion in school-going children in India. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion in school-going children in Bangalore.
Aims:
To assess tooth erosion and its relationship with dietary habits in 6–18-year-old schoolchildren.
Methods and Materials:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangalore, India. A sample of 1000 schoolchildren, aged 6–18 years answered questionnaire containing information about dietary habits, gastric disorders, and oral hygiene and dental erosion was recorded using Modified O'Brien index.
Results:
Of the 1000 participants, 77 (7.7%) had erosive tooth wear. Frequent consumption of soft drinks and citrus fruit intake were strongly associated with dental erosion (
P
= 0.001). The posterior surface (5%) was most commonly affected by erosive lesions and milk was considered to be a protective indicator for erosion (
P
= 0.001).
Conclusions:
The findings give an inference that a low prevalence on dental erosion but a significant relation exists between diet and dental erosion and there is a need for enhancing awareness about dental erosion among the schoolchildren, their parents and should be recognized and treated early.
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Dentist's skills of behavior management: A study of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in managing child patient
p. 44
Khushboo Rana, Subrata Saha, Subir Sarkar
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_28_20
Context:
Dental specialists are relied upon to analyze and deal with all the dental diseases successfully that is inside the information and abilities procured during dental education. However, with regard to child patients, the dentist plays a unique role. Yet, without legitimate conduct of behavior management technique (BMT), there would not be successful treatment outcomes.
Aim:
Therefore, the study aimed to explore dental specialist's skills in dental fear and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental professionals in West Bengal giving treatment to pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists working in West Bengal providing treatment to pediatric patients. A structured English questionnaire intended with the end goal of this investigation was utilized. The gathered information comprises awareness and application of various BMTs while attending a child dental patient among dental practitioners; their sociodemographics; the level of professional training; working experience; faculty profile furthermore their perspectives concerning the improvement of practicing. Utilizing SPSS program version 18, frequency distributions and cross-tabulations analyses were performed.
Results:
Younger dentists were more aware (82.8%) about universally applied BMTs as compared to older (75%) (
P
= 0.6855). “Tell show do” were considered to be the most preferable technique (81.8%) and “Parental presence and absence” was the second most preferred technique (73.8%).
Conclusion:
As the degree of adequacy were marked “average” by the dental specialist in treating child patients. Subsequently, dental education ought to incorporate guidelines and techniques to prepare the impending dentists for an amazing practice in pediatric dentistry.
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Dental caries: The reverse gear – Comparative synergistic remineralizing potential of sodium fluoride mouthrinse with xylitol and essential oils: An
In situ
study
p. 49
Nandini Biradar, Nithin Kumar Shetty, Simran Ahluwallia, Ruthika Naik, Kola Srikanthreddy, Nagakishore
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_31_18
Background:
With the universal use of topical fluorides, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of dental caries, but still the quest is on for a better topical agent which can provide a superior remineralizing effect.
Aims:
The present in situ study was to evaluate the remineraliizing efficacy of sodium fluoride mouth rinse and two experimental mouth rinses xylitol sodium fluoride, essential mouth rinses.
Materials and Methods:
Partially demineralized human enamel slabs were used in the study; five enamel slabs were embedded in each of the Hawley's appliances worn by nine participants enrolled in the study. The participants were divided equally into three groups. Each group used one of the experimental mouthrinses. Hence, in each mouthrinse group, there were 15 demineralized enamel slabs in each appliance used by three participants in each mouthrinse group. The study was conducted for a period of 14 days, after which the enamel slabs were retrieved and analyzed using quantitative wavelength-independent microradiography with the assistance of image processing.
Results:
Analysis of the samples showed a statically significant increase in the amount of remineralization with xylitol sodium fluoride mouthrinse. The order of increase in the remineralization was as follows: xylitol sodium fluoride > sodium fluoride > essential oil sodium fluoride > baseline demineralization (control).
Conclusion:
The xylitol sodium fluoride mouthrinse can prove to be a great weapon in reversing the initial dental caries. Essential oil mouthrinses are known for their antigingivitis and anti-inflammatory properties, and their efficacy in synergistically acting with sodium fluoride in remineralizing dental caries is questionable under
in vivo
conditions.
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Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine using buccal infiltration technique and periodontal ligament injection technique for extraction of primary mandibular molars: An
In vivo
study
p. 55
Shivani Kapoor, Tanu Nangia, Mousumi Goswami
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_19_20
Introduction:
Dental anxiety is patient's psychological response to the dental environment. Local anesthetic injection is the most anxiety-causing procedure for children in dentistry, especially the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) which is the most commonly used injection technique for achieving local anesthesia of mandibular molars. The various alternatives explored for IANB are intra-ligamentary technique/periodontal injection technique and buccal infiltration.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of articaine hydrochloride 4% with adrenaline 1:100,000 for the extraction of mandibular primary molar teeth using buccal infiltration injection and intraligamentary injection.
Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted on 30 children in the age group of 5–10 years requiring bilateral extraction of primary mandibular molars. The patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group 1 received anesthesia using buccal infiltration injection technique and Group 2 received anesthesia using intraligamentary injection both containing 4% articaine with 1:1,00,000 adrenaline.
Results:
The success rate of buccal infiltration and intraligamentary injection using 4% articaine with mean sound, eye, and motor scores (± standard deviation) was found to be statistically nonsignificant, i.e., 3.07 for buccal infiltration and 2.97 for intraligamentary injection technique with
P
= 0.835 (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
There is no significant difference between buccal infiltration technique and intraligamentary injection technique for the extraction of primary mandibular molars using 4% articaine with 1:1,00,000 adrenaline.
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Prevalence of early loss of primary molars among schoolchildren aged 5–9 years in Bangalore city: A cross-sectional study
p. 60
Isha Khurana, ST Prashanth, CR Sanjana, Yasin Salman
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_24_20
Introduction:
Early loss of deciduous molars has a great impact on the development of the dentition. Psychological, morphological, and functional problems may result from premature loss. Thus, early recognition and management play a crucial rule in delivering effective dental treatment to the child patient.
Aim:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of early loss of primary molars in schoolchildren in Bangalore city, India.
Materials and Methods:
The study group included 200 children, that is, 115 boys and 85 girls. The dental examination was performed by an experienced examiner under sufficient natural light. Data including patient age and missing molars were collected, classifying the status of molars according to the WHO oral health assessment form for children (tooth). Collected data from each patient were subjected to statistical analysis to know the prevalence of early loss of primary molars.
Results:
The results showed that 31% of the sample had early loss of primary teeth with no statistically significant difference between genders. A higher prevalence was found among the 7–9-year-olds (69%), and the most commonly affected teeth were the right lower primary first molars (23%).
Conclusion:
The findings give an inference that untreated early childhood caries is the most common cause for early loss of primary molars resulting in occlusal discrepancy and functional problems. It is crucial to increase awareness among parents, pediatricians, and general dentists regarding the importance of primary teeth.
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CASE REPORTS
Comprehensive management of crown-en masse fracture: A clinical case report
p. 64
Divya Negi, Vinay Bal Singh, Diksha Sharma, Anuradha
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_5_20
The aim of this article is to report a successful treatment of crown en masse fracture. Ellis Class VIII tooth fracture involves the loss of crown en-masse and its replacement. Fracture of a tooth below gingival attachment or crest of the alveolar bone requires the treatment procedures such as crown lengthening with electrosurgery or periodontal surgery with removal of bone and the orthodontic extrusion. A case of complicated crown fracture of tooth number 21 in a 13-year-old boy is presented. To minimize the psychological trauma resulting from extraction, fiber post, and core buildup of maxillary anterior tooth was planned followed by porcelain-fused metal crown after endodontic treatment of the tooth diagnosed as Ellis Class VIII fracture.
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Maintaining the original anatomy of the uncomplicated crown fracture using natural tooth structure: Three case reports
p. 68
Olcay Ozdemir, Levent Demiriz
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_26_20
Epidemiological researches have shown that dental traumatic injuries were widespread in the population and are a frequent pathology among children and teenagers. Crown fractures in an early age population are considered a real and serious public health problem owing to the high prevalence and leading serious problems that can affect the social relationship. The most common dental trauma is the uncomplicated crown fracture. Recent developments in restorative materials and adhesive techniques allow clinician to predictably restore fractured teeth. If the original tooth fragment is retained following trauma, the natural tooth structures can be reattached using adhesive protocols to ensure reliable strength, durability, and aesthetic. This report series aimed to present the treatments of traumatized maxillary central incisors, in three different cases, with reattachment of natural tooth structures.
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Esthetic and functional treatment of a poorly prognosed traumatized tooth
p. 71
Olcay Ozdemir, Sibel Koçak, Mustafa Murat Koçak
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_27_20
A correct diagnosis and appropriate emergency management of the avulsion injuries are crucial factors for the repair and healing of tooth and dentoalveolar tissues. Despite the treatment provided, replanted teeth may be eventually lost and demonstrate the poor outcome. An appropriate treatment option may be fiber-reinforced composite bridges. This report presents a clinical case that involves the endodontic, surgical, and restorative management of a traumatized permanent lower central incisor with a large chronic apical periodontitis.
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Oral rehabilitation of cerebral palsy patients under general anesthesia in a Zonal Hospital: A novel technique
p. 76
M M Dempsy Chengappa, Akshai Kannan, CS Naidu, Tarannum Ghavri
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_15_19
Introduction:
Cerebral Palsy is a group of disorders causing damage to the motor control centres of the brain, which in turn cause defects in psychomotor activity manifested as mental and motor disabilities, sensory defects in vision, hearing, abnormal contraction of joints and behavioural problems. These children have an increased risk of developing ECC (Early Childhood Caries) due to various factors leading to poor oral hygiene.
Case Report:
This case report presents clinical cases of two children aged 4 & 5 yrs respectively diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy who were managed with therapeutic and preventive intervention under General Anaesthesia.
Uniqueness of the Case:
Management of Early Childhood Caries in such children is a challenge. Improvement of quality of life is of paramount importance. Conclusion: Behavioural problems are common amongst these children and single visit complete oral rehabilitation under General Anaesthesia leads to improvement of oral health related quality of life, overall wellbeing and attitude of parents.
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Removable functional space maintainer for esthetic rehabilitation of a child with severe early childhood caries
p. 80
Amita Rai, Bandana Koirala, Mamta Dali, Sneha Shrestha
DOI
:10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_23_19
Early childhood caries causing early loss of teeth resulting in compromised esthetics, function, and malocclusion is one of the dreaded but frequently encountered situations in pediatric patients. Here, we report a case in which extraction of badly carious primary anterior and posterior teeth was done followed by rehabilitation with removable space maintainer to establish esthetics and function in a five-year-old boy.
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