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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2018 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 2 | Page : 72-75 |
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Impacted mesiodentes with an inverted one: A rare case report and literature review
E J Akhil Jose, Prashant Babaji, KK Shashibhushan
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| Date of Web Publication | 10-Oct-2018 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. E J Akhil Jose
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga - 577 205, Karnataka
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_10_18
Supernumerary teeth are considered to be one of the most significant dental anomalies affecting the primary and early mixed dentition and may cause a variety of pathological disturbances to the developing permanent dentition and also resulting in poor dental and facial esthetics. Mesiodens is the erupted or unerupted extra tooth in the midline of the maxilla, along with normal teeth (between the central incisors). Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary for the prevention of deleterious effects on dentoalveolar structures. The inverted conical mesiodens is frequently associated with cystic lesions and can erupt into the nasal floor, becoming more difficult to remove with time. The aim of this case report is to share knowledge about the management of bilateral impacted mesiodentes including the inverted type cases with unusual location, which might assist the clinician in decision-making.
Keywords: Bilateral inverted, impacted, mesiodentes, supernumerary teeth
How to cite this article:
Jose E J, Babaji P, Shashibhushan K K. Impacted mesiodentes with an inverted one: A rare case report and literature review. Int J Pedod Rehabil 2018;3:72-5 |
How to cite this URL:
Jose E J, Babaji P, Shashibhushan K K. Impacted mesiodentes with an inverted one: A rare case report and literature review. Int J Pedod Rehabil [serial online] 2018 [cited 2023 Nov 28];3:72-5. Available from: https://www.ijpedor.org/text.asp?2018/3/2/72/243059 |
| Introduction | |  |
A supernumerary tooth is a developmental anomaly characterized by an excess number of teeth compared to normal dental series.[1],[2] The prevalence varies between 0.3% and 3.8% of the population. This anomaly of unknown etiology is more found in permanent dentition and in boys.[1] Supernumerary teeth may occur as a single isolated anomaly or in association with specific developmental syndromes such as cleft lip and palate, down syndromes, cleidocranial dysplasia, and Gardner's syndrome.[1],[2]
Supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region may also compromise facial esthetics.[2] The most common supernumerary teeth with its most common site is seen in the palatal midline between the maxillary central incisors are termed as mesiodens, which accounts around 80% of all supernumerary teeth.[1] Based on their morphology, mesiodens shape may be conical, tuberculate, odontome, or may closely resemble to the normal tooth series.[2] Mesiodens can occur individually or as multiples called as mesiodentes.[3]
The etiology of these teeth is still obscure, although several theories have been suggested such as genetics, dichotomy of the tooth bud, hyperactivity of the dental lamina, combination of genetic and environmental factors, proliferation of odontogenic cell rests, palatal offshoot from continued activity of the dental lamina after the normal number of tooth buds are formed, and atavism.[1],[2],[4],[5] Genetics and consanguineous marriages are also considered as etiological factors.[6]
A mesiodens may erupt normally, stay impacted, appear inverted, or take a horizontal position series.[1] When they are inverted, the chances of eruption into the oral cavity are very less. The frequency of inverted mesiodens constitutes approximately 9%–67% of all reported cases.[3],[7] Mesiodens may give rise to a variety of complications such as impaction, delayed eruption, ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth, crowding, malalignment of incisors, midline diastema, displacement and axial rotation of adjacent teeth, dilacerations, radicular resorption of adjacent teeth, possible development of dentigerous cyst and migration into nasal cavity or maxillary sinus, and fistula between oral and nasal cavity series.[1],[2],[8] This case report describes an extremely rare occurrence of bilaterally impacted mesiodentes with an inverted mesiodent in the hard palate area with its associated anomalies. It also describes about the early diagnosis with treatment planning.
| Case Report | | |
A 7-year-old male patient came with a chief complaint of his unesthetic malaligned anterior teeth. There was no associated history of trauma and pain. Medical and family history was noncontributory. There were no signs of any syndrome. On intraoral examination, it was observed that 21 was erupted whereas 51 and 61 were retained with unerupted 11 giving an unesthetic appearance [Figure 1]. Intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph showed the presence of unerupted mesiodentes of conical shape with an inverted one located parallel to 11, while the other one was erupting normaly and was parallel to 21 [Figure 2]. Blood investigations were done, and the reports were well within normal limits. | Figure 1: Intraoral photograph showing unerupted 11 with retained primary incisors and erupted 21.
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 | Figure 2: Radiovisiography showing retained incisors 51, 61 and bilateral mesiodentes with an inverted one with respect to tooth 11.
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Treatment was planned to remove the retained deciduous incisors and unerupted mesiodentes after the surgical exposure of full-thickness palatal flap was raised from the right first primary molar to the left first primary molar [Figure 3]. On flap reflection, mesiodentes were noticed and were removed after minimum bone removal [Figure 4]. The palatal flap was placed back, and interrupted sutures were placed [Figure 5]. Later, IOPA radiograph was taken to confirm the extracted mesiodentes and retained incisors [Figure 6] and [Figure 7]. Following the removal of sutures 1 week later, the patient was scheduled for monthly recalls. The wound healing was uneventful, and the patient presented with no postoperative complications. | Figure 3: Intraoral photograph showing meiodentes after palatal flap reflection.
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 | Figure 4: Intraoral photograph showing sockets after mesiodentes extraction.
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 | Figure 6: Radiovisiography showing extracted mesiodentes and retained 51 and 61.
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| Discussion | | |
The term of mesiodens is used to refer to an unerupted supernumerary tooth in the midline of maxilla between the central incisors.[7] Mesiodens is defined as an extra tooth along with normal teeth with the prevalence of 0.15%–1.9%.[6] One mesiodens occurred in 78.1% of the cases and two in 21.9% of the cases.[1] Most of the mesiodentes (55.2%) were found to be in a vertical position (55.2%) followed by inverted position (37.6%) and horizontal position (7%).[6] Most of the mesiodens remain unerupted, and if they are erupting, it will be an ectopic eruption.[1],[6] The inverted and transversely aligned mesiodens never erupt into the oral cavity.[1]
The maximum incidence of mesiodens reported between 7 and 9 years of age. This observation may be due to the fact that maxillary permanent central incisors erupt at this age. Radiological examination of noneruption or axial rotation of the upper central incisors or diastema might reveal the presence of mesiodens.[1]
The treatment of impacted mesiodens centers on several factors which include the age of the child, clinical manifestation, capacity of the child to tolerate the surgical procedure, and root development stage of the adjacent permanent teeth.[9] The case presented herein was considered to be extremely rare, as the bilaterally placed two mesiodentes were seen in a single patient with an inverted one has also been reported rarely.
If the mesiodentes remains asymptomatic, the supernumerary teeth are left in place or the extraction is delayed until root formation of the adjacent teeth is completed.[2],[10] Wait and see the behavior is indicated, while mesiodens extraction is discouraged due to the risk of iatrogenic damage to the permanent teeth or due to the risk of affecting the vitality of the permanent teeth.[7],[11]
In addition, early surgical intervention in a young child requires the treatment under general anesthesia with complication risks, and it might create psychological, dental anxiety.[2],[12] Supernumerary teeth may remain in the jaw for years without any complications; however, they should be observed periodically as they may as well cause cystic complications (in about 4%–9% of cases), development of a carcinoma.[5],[13]
As long as the coronal part of the follicle of the supernumerary teeth remains intact, migration of the supernumerary teeth is possible which can cause some disturbance in eruption or alignment of permanent dentition resulting in the extraction during mixed dentition.[6],[7],[14]
However, in this present case, the left upper central incisor had already erupted into the oral cavity while the eruption of the upper central incisor is been hindered by the retained primary incisors. Furthermore, the inverted impacted mesiodens presents in relation to 11 will never erupt, and it hinders the eruption of 11. The normally erupting impacted mesiodens in the right side is causing the initial radicular resorption in the right maxillary central incisor. Due to these ongoing and future complications, the impacted mesiodens were indicated for extraction.
Nevertheless, the extraction that has been done at the right time, in this case, can prevent the future migration of the supernumerary teeth and its further complications. Fortunately, the postsurgical phase was uneventful in this surgical intervention. On surgical removal of impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, there are no much complications or disturbances to adjacent teeth with incomplete root development were reported compared to the postponement of surgery until incisors root development is completed.[2]
During the surgical removal of impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, complications or disturbances to adjacent teeth with incomplete root development compared to the surgery postponed for complete root development of incisors has not been reported.[2]
Early intervention and surgical removal of mesiodentes as soon it is detected will prevent the future complications such as retarded or delayed eruption of incisors, future more invasive surgical procedures, crowding, space loss, unfavourable permanent tooth resorptions and midline shifts which may require extensive orthodontic therapy. Therefore, an impacted supernumerary tooth should be extracted as soon as it is diagnosed at a young age when it appears to cause damage to adjacent teeth.[2],[9]
The spontaneous eruption of impacted maxillary incisors after removal of the supernumerary teeth depends on the several factors such as the depth of the impacted tooth, amount of root development, the angulation of the impacted tooth, and the available space required for its eruption. Therefore, immediate orthodontic extrusive traction results in eruption of the impacted incisors following the surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth.[15] Thus, avoid the need for the second surgery. Moreover, it has been suggested that early exposure and bonding the unerupted incisor may result in loss of supporting bone and create scar tissue, which may further delay its eruption.[2]
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
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| 13. | Olson JW, Miller RL, Kushner GM, Vest TM. Odontogenic carcinoma occurring in a dentigerous cyst: Case report and clinical management. J Periodontol 2000;71:1365-70. |
| 14. | Hyun HK, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Hahn SH, Kim JW. Clinical characteristics and complications associated with mesiodentes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:2639-43. |
| 15. | Ashkenazi M, Greenberg BP, Chodik G, Rakocz M. Postoperative prognosis of unerupted teeth after removal of supernumerary teeth or odontomas. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:614-9. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7]
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