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 Table of Contents  
CASE REPORT
Year : 2017  |  Volume : 2  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 90-92

Esthetic anterior fixed functional space maintainer


1 Clinical Tutor/ Demonstrator, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Siliguri, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
2 North Bengal Dental College and Hospital; Clinical Tutor/ Demonstrator, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Siliguri, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
3 Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Date of Web Publication25-Sep-2017

Correspondence Address:
Chiranjit Ghosh
57 MGM Sarani, Bidyalanka, Nandibagan, P.O. Chandannagar, Hooghly - 713 126, West Bengal
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_16_17

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  Abstract 

Traumatic dental injury is one of the main causes of premature loss of maxillary anterior teeth in schoolgoing children, causing psychological trauma both to patient as well as parents. In that situation, choice of treatment is maintaining the space by space maintainer which may be fixed/removable or functional/nonfunctional. This article describes rehabilitation of a 4½-year-old child after avulsion of the maxillary central incisor, using fixed functional anterior esthetic space maintainer.

Keywords: Avulsion, deciduous anterior maxillary teeth, dental trauma, esthetic anterior fixed functional space maintainer, psychological impact


How to cite this article:
Garai D, Ghosh C, Mandal PK, Kar S. Esthetic anterior fixed functional space maintainer. Int J Pedod Rehabil 2017;2:90-2

How to cite this URL:
Garai D, Ghosh C, Mandal PK, Kar S. Esthetic anterior fixed functional space maintainer. Int J Pedod Rehabil [serial online] 2017 [cited 2024 Mar 28];2:90-2. Available from: https://www.ijpedor.org/text.asp?2017/2/2/90/215538


  Introduction Top


Apart from early childhood caries, traumatic dental injury is one of the main reasons for premature loss of primary maxillary anterior teeth in schoolgoing children.[1] The greatest challenge in our specialty is to rehabilitate these patients esthetically and functionally to compensate the psychological impact of both the patients and parents. Parental desire is one of the main decisive factors for treating these types of clinical situations.[2],[3] Different types of appliance have been developed to manage the space in case of early loss of a primary maxillary anterior tooth. The choice can be either a removable or a fixed one, which can be functional or nonfunctional. The selection of the appliance depends on a number of factors including the child's stage of dental development, dental arch involved, tooth missing, and status of the teeth adjacent to the lost tooth. The best suitable space maintainer for a child patient is fixed ones as they are easily acceptable.[1]


  Case Report Top


A 4½-year-old boy along with his parents reported to our clinic with the complaint of missing tooth in his upper front teeth region. The parents gave the history of loss of his tooth due to fall on the ground 2 weeks ago. Parents did not report to any dentists at the time of trauma. The patient was very much reluctant to open his mouth even during speak and smile, which was parents' main concern.

On intraoral examination, tooth 51 was missing along with normal surrounding tissue [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Preoperative photograph.

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Radiographic examination revealed no retained root stump, with normal development of a permanent successor along with normal bony surrounding [Figure 2].
Figure 2: Preoperative radiograph.

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On completion of thorough case evaluation, we planned for placement of esthetic fixed functional space maintainer to alleviate parents' main concern.

Stepwise procedures were carried out as mentioned below:

  • Orthodontic bands (0.005-inch thickness and 0.180-inch width) were adapted on teeth 55 and 65
  • Alginate impression was taken to make the working cast
  • Casts were poured with dental stone
  • On the upper cast, a stainless steel wire (0.9 mm) framework was made, spanning from one band to the other
  • The free ends of the wire were then soldered to the corresponding molar bands
  • A 0.7 mm stainless steel wire with hook was placed from the edentulous area to the 0.9 mm SS wire.
  • An acrylic tooth of adult size had been trimmed to the primary tooth sizes of 51; a hole was made on the tissue side of the tooth to insert the wire hook [Figure 3]
  • After cold mold seal application, cold cure acrylic resin is used to fabricate a Nance palatal button and to attach the tooth to the wire hook
  • The appliance was then removed from the cast for trimming, finishing, and polishing [Figure 4]
  • The final appliance was cemented on 55 and 65 with Type-I glass ionomer cement and occlusion was checked for any premature contact [Figure 5] and [Figure 6].
Figure 3: Framework of the space maintainer.

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Figure 4: Finished and polished space maintainer.

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Figure 5: Postoperative intraoral photograph in occlusion.

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Figure 6: Postoperative intraoral photograph occlusal view.

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The patient was advised to maintain proper oral hygiene. The first recall of patient was done after 24 h followed by checkup every 3 months. The child and parent were very satisfied with the replacement of his lost teeth [Figure 7]. The parent was informed that the appliance will be removed around the age of 6–8 years after periodic radiographic evaluation, to prevent interference of erupting permanent successors. It was also advised to report immediately in case there was any problem with the space maintainer, including distortion or breakage. The follow-up was done 2 times at the above-mentioned interval without any complication.
Figure 7: Happy and satisfied patient.

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  Discussion Top


Premature loss of maxillary primary anterior teeth may lead to psychological disturbances and affect the child's self-esteem and socialization during the important phase of development. However, there is no strong evidence that early loss of maxillary incisors will have any significant, long-lasting effect on the growth and development of the child.[4] Space maintenance in the anterior segment, from canine to canine, appears to be stable, even with the early loss of several incisors, with no net loss of space from canine to canine.[5] Child's speech development following extraction of deciduous incisors remains somewhat controversial issue. The pronunciations of linguo-dental consonants (“t,” “d,” “s,” “sh,” and “ch”) and labiodental sounds (“f” and “v”) are affected.[6],[7] Hence, the placement of an anterior esthetic space maintainer is an elective procedure and is based strongly on parental desires. Fixed space maintainers are always acceptable in children as they have less desire to wear removable ones. The removable space maintainers cover large area of oral tissue causing irritation and discomfort. To improve patient acceptance, esthetic functional fixed appliance is reliable. In our case, a successful placement of fixed esthetic space maintainer was performed. Limitations such as long-term periodic follow-up (both clinically and radiologically), poor oral hygiene maintenance, and frequent distortion and breakage can be minimized by proper education and motivation of the child and parents. In our case, we have not encountered any above-mentioned limitation still now.


  Conclusion Top


Early intervention can prevent the psychosocial impacts of premature loss of primary teeth. In the present case, the appliance showed satisfactory result in relation to function and esthetics and further gave a psychological boost for the child. The patient and parent had been instructed to visit for follow-up periodically to monitor issues regarding oral hygiene and eruption of permanent teeth.

Declaration of patient consent

The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

 
  References Top

1.
Tandon S. Text Book of Pedodontics. 2nd ed. Hyderabad, New Delhi: Paras Medical Publisher; 2008. p. 446-65.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Koroluk LD, Riekman GA. Parental perceptions of the effects of maxillary incisor extractions in children with nursing caries. ASDC J Dent Child 1991;58:233-6.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Adewumi AO, Horton C, Guelmann M, Dixon-Wood V, McGorray SP. Parental perception vs. professional assessment of speech changes following premature loss of maxillary primary incisors. Pediatr Dent 2012;34:295-9.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Waggoner WF, Kupietzky A. Anterior esthetic fixed appliances for the preschooler: Considerations and a technique for placement. Am Acad Pediatr Dent 2001;23:2.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Scures CC. Report of the increase in bicanine diameter in 2 to 4-year-old children. J Dent Child 1967;34:332-5.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Riekman GA, el Badrawy HE. Effect of premature loss of primary maxillary incisors on speech. Pediatr Dent 1985;7:119-22.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Aswanth KP, Asokan S, John BJ. Fixed functional space maintainer: A weight gainer: A case report. J Indian Acad Dent Spec Res 2014;1:25-7.  Back to cited text no. 7
  [Full text]  


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7]



 

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Abstract
Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
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